CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ITS PRINCIPLE


Chromatography, technique for separating the components, or samples of a mixture based on the relative amounts of each solute distributed between a moving fluid, called the mobile phase, and a thick stationary phase. The mobile phase may be either liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either solid or liquid.



Kinetic molecular motion continuously exchanges solute molecules between the two phases. If, a particular solute, the distribution favors the moving fluid, the molecules will spend most of their time migrating with the stream and will be transported away from other species whose molecules are retained longer by the stationary phase. The ratio of the times spent in the moving and stationary regions is equal to the ratio of its concentrations in these regions, known as the partition coefficient.


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